Wheel equipment and method of constructing the same



l S. WILLIAMS. WHEEL EQUIPMENT AND METHOD 0E coNsTRUcTTNG THE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED APR.15 |913.

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Mm m IEN APPLICATION FILED APRA I5. 1913.

IPatentedvMay 23 5 SHEETS-SHEET 2'.

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J. S.. WILLIAMS. WHEEL EQUIPMENIAND wlETHoD 0E CONSTRUCTING THE SAME.

IAPXLICATION- FILED APR,15| 1913.

Patented May 23, 1922.

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1.3. w|LL|AMs. WHEEL' EQUIPMENT AND METHOD 0F CONSTRUCTING THE SAME.

APPLICATION FILE APRI 15| 1913. LMI? Patented May 2? 1922.

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`l'ClSllI-lf S. WILLIAMS, 0F RIVERTON, NEW JERSEY;

tiranos.

Specification of Letters Patent. Warning@ Mm@ 23, 119220 Application iled April 15, 1913. `Serial No. 761,193.

To all who/m t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH S, ILLIAMS,

`a citizen of the United States, residing .at

Riverton, in the county of Burlington, State ot' New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Wheel Equipment and fMethod of Constructing the dameD oi which the following if a specification.

My invention in its broad `and generic scope consists of a novel wheel equipment and method of constructing it, in order that the stressesand strains 1n the construction due `to load, road thrusts, and reactions will be resilient-lysupported and balanced within definite ranges of resilient movements.`

` tther novel features of construction and advantage will hereinafter clearly appearin the ffletailed description of the invention.

For the purpose` ot' illustrating my invention, fi have` shown in the accompanying drawings ln'eferred p en'ibodiments which are at present preferred by ine, since the saine will give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, although `it is to be understood that the various instrumentalities of which my. invention consists can be variously arranged and organised and that my invention is not limited. to the precise arraiigement and organization of these instrumentalities `as herein shown and described.

` iiigure l represents a side. elevation partly in section of a resilient wheel equipment embodying my invention, the same being shown in assembled condition with respect to a vehicle wheel.

ifigure 2 represents a transverse section. of :i portieri of l"igure i, taken through the `upper part of the construction.

llhigurev B represents a transverse section ot a portion ot Figure l. showing the lower portion of the construction. n lfigure i represents a side elevation partly in section of a portion of a wheel equipment embmlying my invention. y

'Figure o represents` in perspective, a section oit Figmi'e 4;, the section beingtakeu through the upper portion of construction. ,iligure `5 representsAq p in perspective, a transverse section of aportion of Figure it, showing the tower portion o't the construe tion.

ligures and 8 remesent? in. perspective and transverse sections, other embodiments `upon the outer of my invention certain of the elements having a flattened formation.

Figures 9 and l0 represent transverse sections of other embodiments of my invention. y y

Figure l1 represents `a `side elevation partly in section of theconstruction seen in Figure l0. y K

Figures l2 to l5 inclusive represent transverse sections of other embodiments of my invention. y

Figure `16 represents a transverse section of an insert adapted to be used in Figure `13 and with slight modification in curvatures with other figures of the drawings.

Figures 17 and 18 represent transverse sections of `other embodiments of my invention. l y l y Figures 19 and Q0 represent diagrammatiycal views showing lines of formation of different embodiments.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the figures.` y

Referring to the drawings In a copending application7 Serial No.

761,192, tiled April 15th, 1913, i have described and generically claimed a novel method and organism for balancing thrusts and reactions, wherein the flexuresin the resilient construction take place C inwardl 1 and outwardly ot the major transverse axis of such resilient construction.

Referring first to Figures l to 3 inclusive,

lidesignates a tread, having its inner pe-.

riphery circumferentially and transversely disposed, with a radially projecting tread wearing part extending therefrom to the tread surfacew which latter may have any desired contour, although in practice the same is 'preferably made substai'itially con centricwith the resilient and tensile element `of the annular body. of the construction. A'lhesides` of the tread are radially deflected withcurvature towards the side of the con struction. and the tread is carried by and secured to an outer tensile belt 25 by means of a breaker strip 3 of resilient rubber and tensile material in order to provide the proper resilient waterproofing,bonding, and trictioning between the tread l andthe outer tensile belt 2. 1

rihe tensile belt 2 is inwardly supported waterproof layer @C the sides of which enperiphery of a resilient4 close a transversely disposed resilient cushion belt 5, consisting or layers ot fabric and rubber vulcanized together and supported on an inner tensile belt 6, transversely disposed in the annular planes of the construction and having its sides extended inwardly and laterally to torni terminals or seating parts 7, it being` noted that the Waterproofing layer 4 preferably extends around the sides of the inner tensile belt 6, so that the resilient cushion 5, is rendered impervious to-'moisture The terminals 7 are in compressive engagement between an annular band 8, and a transversely divided aniiulus 9, said band being provided with lugs 10, which interlock 'with recesses 11 to prevent relative circumferential movement oit such parts.r The outer periphery oit the band 8 is iiicavated or inwardly curved at 12, in order to torni with a resilient belt 13 a clearance space 14, which latter may be provided, it desired, with elastic, mobile or fluid content, although the same may be dispensed with in many cases arising in practice. The resilient belt 13 is preferably formed ot fabric and rubber, and is provided with the inwardly extending iianges 15, in order to form the fluid tight spacement 14. The sides of the inner tensile belt G are in close coinage around the sides of the tube forming belt 13 and the sides et' the band 8. The annulus 9 is: provided with a transversely arranged recess 16, With Which is adapted to interlock a lug` 17 on the lfelly band 18, in order to prevent relative circumferential movement. rlhe lateral movement is prevented by means of clips 19 secured to the telly 20 by means ot' fastening devices 21. The outer tensile belt 2 is substantially concentric iviththe inner tensile belt 6 and With the resilient construction 5 therebetween. The sides et the annular body of the resilient construction thus 'formed extend laterally beyond the Width olf road contact ofl the tread and the sides are deflected inwardly With curvature or angularity from the major transverse axis ot' the outer periphery of the resilient and tensile belt Whichextends across the body of the resilient construction in close relationship to the transverse planes on the inner periphery ot the tread belt 'from which the tread belt is projected radially With a desired. depth and Width of road contact, and the sides ot' the tread are radially directed to provide approximately constant Width of tread as the same wears away.

Referring -noW to the embodiment seen in Figures 4 to 6 inclusive, the results attain able are substantially the same as in the construction just described With reference to vFigures 1 to 3 inclusive, b ut in this embodiment, seen in Figures 4 to 6 inclusive, the resilient cushion between the inner and outer tensile belts is provided with pores or cells.

,eos

Ix diilerent manner olf: rendering the terminals cii'cnmiferentially inextensible is shown, and the resilient bet which forms a spacenient is encircled by a flexible annular band.

Q2 designates a tread secured by meansl o fl a breaker strip 22S to the outer tensile belt 24. The inner periphery ofE the tensile-i belt 24 is itaced `with a waterproof layer olf rubber 25 which extends to the terminal scali ings ot the construction, and encloscs a transversely disposed resilient cushioning belt 26 constructed olf :Fabric and rubber, and proifided throughout the width ol' the tread belt with cells or pores 2T to provide a elearance space tor definite ranges ofI resilient action.

Q6 designates an inner tensile belt, transversely disposed andA having its sides ini'ardly and laterally extended to Ytorni terminals 29 which are in compressive engagement between a band 30 and an annulus 31, provided with interlocking means 32, in order to prevent relative circumierential movement of such parts. lhe outer periphery et the band 3() substantially flat and forms with a resilient belt 33 a spacement 34, which is adapted. to be i'illed ivith any suitable elastic, fluid or mobile content. 'lhe outer periphery ol the central portion ol the belt 233, is encircled by a `flexible metallie band 35. rlhe waterproofing 25 enclosed the sides ot the resilient cushioning belt 2G and terms a waterprooi'ing' on the inner tace ol the terminals 2S). The tread belt M the outer tensile belt 24, the resilient cushioningr belt Q6 and the inner tensile belt 26 are lsubH stantially concentric in the transverse planes of the construction. The anuulus YSi is transversely recessedl as at ll., in order to interlock with. a lug` 3T, carried by a. i'elly band 3S, it being understood that clips are employed in connection ivith the folly band and annnlus in a similar manner to that already described With reference to Figures 1 to 3 inclusive, in order to prevent relative lateral movement olf the Ytelly band and annulus. The flexible band 35 imparts load capacityv and support to the resilieiit ronstruction outwardly tliereol ln the embodiment seen in Figure T, the construction is substantially the saine as that shown in liigures 5 and 6. except that the fiexible metallic band lo in said figures is omitted. and the elements in the transverse planes have substantially flattened Yl'orination. The tread belt 35;), the lineaker strip 40, the outer tensile belt 4l. the resilient cushion and the inner :ensile belt lil coi respond in coiif-itrnci'iion to similar parts` seen in Figure 6, except tor the ilaltened torination given thereto in the transverse planes ot the constructici'i.

The resilient belt 4l 'l'orms with the band 45 a clearance sjace 46 ot less area than that seen in Figures 5 and 6. rllie construction l l (l i ieri "noos of the band and annulus is similar to that already described in connection with Figi ures and 6.

ersiot `fabric and rubber, and throughout `the Width of thezztreadzone the labric in such cushion extends transversely to lie substantially in the transverse planes of the construction.

The inner tensile belt 50,` the band 5l, and the annulus correspond in construction `and are arranged in a similar manner to the corresponding` par seen in .Figure 7,

In the embodiment seen in Figure 8, the

l resiliency in the cushion belted is obtained by the compressibility `ot' the tabric and rubber and the tleXures circinnterentially and at sides ot the construction.

Referring` non7 to the embodiment seen in Figure 9, K53 designates a tread belt ot relatively hard material, the rubber having embedded therein relatively hard material, such as :tor example carborunduin, pulp, or

:[ibrous material, insuitable relative proportions With rubber to provide atrend ot high resistance to Wear and slip.y and one capable ott carrying' heavy load. The sides ot the tread are radially directed as in the other embodiments ot' my invention herein shown. llet veen the tread 53 and the outer tensile belt is a layer ot resilient. material 55, whichentends around the sides ot the construction to the terminals orseatinq parts thereof and `encloses a i'esilient iield 56 cons'istinp` ot 'fabric and rubber1 and between which and the tensile belt 54e is preferably employed a resilient layer `or breaker strip 57.

58 designates the innertcnsile belt,` the terminals 59 otwhich are in con'ipressive engagement between the band 60 and the annuli 6l, which latter interlock with an annulus 69; by forcing; said unnuli laterally towards each other to permit the annulus G2 to be interlocked thereon. The band G0 and the annulus (lf2 `are interlocled to prevent relative circumferential `movement and in the present instance the band '60 is shown as having1 a lunlwhich intcrloclrs in a recess @4f ot the annulus G2. i

The outer periphery ot the band 6G is inwardly detlectcd or curved as at 65, in order to torni, with resilient band 6th a clearance space 671 Which may be filled with elastic, mobile or tluid'contenn'ot any desirednw ture, and `With any desired degree oit' pressure preferably in the ratio ot one pound perdegree oit length Acireninterential to ninety pounds of load and otherwise to higher pressures which Will not limit the range ol resilient altitude to less than onequarter to thii'ee-eighths of an inch in the local lines ot radii oit twenty to twenty-live d egress along` the length ot the road contact. The resilient belt (56 is reinforced by transverselydivided metal bands 68, embedded in the construction and providing increased resilient support to secure the desired resilicnt load capacity and altitude.

ln the construction seen in Figure 10, instead o't' employing' a fabric tension belt, l employ inner and outer tension belts of woven, interlaced, or other metal ot liexible constructiony it being' understood that the 'formation ot these tension belts in such manner is Within the broad and generic scope of myiinvention.

(i9 designates the tread which formed 'ot Va tleigriblc metallic band which providesa circumter'entially inextensiblc portion at the outer periphery ot the construction and which |is provided with prete "ably inwardly entending;` lugs 70, which interlock with recesses 7l, inan outer belt 72, constructed ot tabric and rubber and having` its inner periphery lioined to a breaker strip 73., which in turn bonded with a resilient belt Tel, haring' at its o'uteivportion a tensile belt 75, ot Woven or apertured metal or Wire gauze, transversely disposed throughout the tread zone and embedded in the construction, and hairline; its sides extended into the terminal or seatingr parts ot the construction.

Tt; designates an inner tensile belt of metal transversely disposed throughout the tread .toner and havingr its sides extended inwardly and latere. n to term with the sides of the belt Tel terminal or seatinpj part-s 'T77 which are rendered inextensible circinnilerentially bythe band itl and the annuli 7th which latler are provided with ,flanges tlll which interlock in the grooves lll ot a transversely divided annulus SZ which corresponds in construction to that seen in Figure 9. ln order to prevent relative circuin'terential moilement ot the band 75l and the tii'ansrersely divided annulus SQ the latteris provided With a-recess tll. with which interloclcs a lun; del carried by the band 75l. The outer tace ol the band 78 is inwardly deflected as at tli throughout the width ot the tread Zone to torni with u resilient belt 8G a spacenient di", which transversely disposed in annular transverse planes ol" the constructioi'i. i

Sti designates transversely disposed reinincenients encirclinu` the resilient belt 8 outwardly thereot. 'i

desienates annular reini'forcinnmeni-v vat 90, in order tol interlock with the telly `transversely disposed in the areas oi band in a similar manner to that already described with respect to other ligures of the drawings. rhe line of division oit the annulus S2 is shown at 91, in Figure 11.

ln all the embodiments ot my invention herein shown, 92 designates the horizontal axis ot the wheel or the axis ot thrust, and 93 designates the vertiratl axis oli the wheel.

9st designates vertical lines which indicate the width o'l the tread belt. 95 designates the major transverse axis ot the construction.' y

In the embodiment seen in Figure 12, the materials ltorming the resilient organism are the fields ot planes ot the construction. ln this embodiment 1041- designates a tread oil any desired depth which is illustrated. as oit unil`orm depth throughout its widthwith slight curvature at the sides on the tread surface, but any suitable torni oi tread and with any degree of hardness may be used.

105 designates a. breaker strip by means ot which the tread 1041- is resiliently bonded with the tensile belt 106, which provides tensile capacities resisting circumferential inextensibility in multi'lold ratio to load, preferably in proportions ot si); to ten ot load. rilhis belt is shown composld of layers ol open weave fabric and rubber, the rubber being bonded through the Jfabric but any suitable construction may be employed. The outer tensile belt 10G is transversely disposed in the areas oitl the annular fields of planes, and is bonded with a resilient belt 107. The construction 107 is formed ot' layers of open weave `fabric 108, and rubber coated yarns 109, which are spaced 'troni each other by and bonded with suitable rubber lilling 110, which. also passes through the weaves of the tabric 108. Such composite body oli ln'iaterial is vulcanized together along with the inner tensile belt 111, and the outer tensile belt 10G. The rubber coated yarns and open weave fabric are in suitable proportions with resilient and relatively pliable rubber to provide for the uniform distribution and equalization oi the stresses and strains, in such body, and lor obtaining delini'te ranges ot resilient movements in the construction.

The inner periphery ot the resilient belt 10T encircles and is bonded with. an inner tensile belt 111, constructed of layers oi Alabric and rubber, the rubber being bonded through the fabric, said tensile belt, having its sides inwardly curved to torni vtera'i'iinals 112, which are in compressive enum-"ement between a transversely divided annulus 113 and an annular band 11a, 'whicli are secured together by co-titting parts 115i to maintain proper co-relationships.

116 designates a layer ot rubber on the sides oi the resilient body extending tron the tread to the annulus 113 and beneath the deflected sides thereof in order to render the resilient body water repellant.

1n the embodiment seen in Figure 1.3, the material of theresilient belt which provides dciinite ranges of resilient movements and for equalization of stresses and strains in the under load is formed of labric and rubber coated yarns spaced itrom each other and bonded together under conditions to provide resiliency in the areas olf thc lields as well as delinite ranges of resilient movements as described with reference to F igure 20, the materials of such resilient belt being arranged in a dilterent manner trom that seen in Figure 20, with clearance space pro-- riding for a definite part of resilient more` ment approximating one-quarter ot'. an inch.

117 designates a tread having any desired depth and having its formation in transverse section with the sides radially project ed with curvature partly around a tensile belt 11S, which is resiliently bonded with the inner periphery of the tread 117, by means ot a layer of rubber 119 and a breaker strip 120. The inner periphery of the tread 117 is transversely disposed throughout the width of the tread, and the tensile belt 11S is disposed in a similar manner and has its sides forming a tensile support, about the cooperative inner stable resilient support in the sides and on the-inner and outer peripheral parts thereof with the terminals 100 thereof in lirm retention in the rim ield. '.lhese terminals 100 are retained in cmnpressive engagement between a transversely li-- vided annulus 101 and an inner band 121 inter-locked therewith to prevent relative circumlcrential movement of such parts.

122 designates a filling between the terminals 100. The tensile belt 11S has an inner lfacing oi rubber 123, which extends into engagement with the band 121 in order to form a water tight bond therewith.

12st designates a resilient belt encompassed by the tensile belt 118 and in definite cooperative relationship providing ilor constancy of retroactively resilient support and definite ranges of movements in the construction between the rim seating and tread fields.

This resilient belt 12'sL consists o'lE layers ot fabric 125, interposed between transversely spaced and annularly extending rubber coated yarns 126, which are bonded with rubber 12T, extending through the Aweave oli the fabric. with' proportions, and under conditions as described. A clearance space 128 is formed to provide delinitc ranges ol more ments in the resilient belt to represent :inv desired part of the total movement, any part of which may be provided in the proportir'm ment olf the compressible 'fabric and yarn co operating with the rubber, 'in combination therewith as described with reference to other iigures.

The clearance space 12S provides for rellO parity.

ininooe silient movements and other definite conditions as described in proportion to its ca`l "he sides ot the resilient belt are supported by the sides oil thc tensile belt. The layer oit iwiterprooiing 119` entends around the sides ot the tensile belt with 'the terminals thereof so 'that the resilient body isciutcd with water repellant material.

lfnthe embodiment seen in Figure 11n the construction is substantially the same as that seen in Figure except that the layers of fabric and rubber and rubberl coated yarn are arranged Ain flattened arch 'toi-mation with the altitudes ot these arches providing` tor .is concentric with a tensile belt/1F509 to which it is 1esiliently bonded by means oit a :tocino: of rubber 131 and a breaker strip 13S/. The sides of the tensile belt 130 are curved about the resilient supports and abutments in the` sides totorm terminals 133, which are in com'- pressive engageuiient between aV transversely divided annulus 134i and an annular band 135l interlocled therewith to prevent relative circumierential movement ot such parts.

13G designates a 'iillingg' between the side terminals The layer or' waterproofing 131 extends around the sides ot the tensile belt to the terminals in order to render ivater repellant the resilient body. rlhe inner tace oi the tensile belt 130 is `coated with a `laver oil" rubber 1371 which extends to the terminals andinto entrainement with the annular band 135 in order to torni a water tight seal at such place. i

135i designates a resilient member termed ot layers ot fabric 139 and rubber coated yarns lill-l), which are arrai'ined in archiormation on opposite sides of the major trans versc anis of the cmflstruction, and elastic material irl-L such as rubberu surrounds the rubber coated yarn and is bonded through the layers ot fabric 1239` providing tor resiliency and definite ranges ot inoifements and stability es describedu A clearance space if-1Q` termed within the resilient cushion 13S which is shown as preieralgily of elliptical formation .in order to provide a definite part ot resilient movement and clearance for the ileznires of the material? it being anden stood that the tensile belt and the resilient belt coo-peratively have stable supporting' ca- 1pac. and provide deiinite rann'esyojf ren silient increments, in the constructionM toresiliently eipialisetbrusts and reactions.

ln the embodiment seeii in Figure '1:1 1111i desigual esV rcsiliently bonded with a tensile belt `ift/l by means oi ai layer ot rubber 14:5, and a breaker strip 14:6. rlhe inner periphery of and the abiitnients beine a radially 'projected tread the tread 143 is in arch formation throughout the width of the tread. zone, and concentric with the outer periphery of the ten` sile belt 1li-lf which is also arranged in arch iornnition in the i'ields of the planes ot the coiistruction and has its sides curved inwardly forming annular tensile and resilient abutments and truss 'formation in the sides between the outer tensile iields ot support and the rim seating and terminating in terminals 14:7, which are maintained in compressive engagement between the transversely divided annulus 14:8 and an annular band. 1119 interloclred therewith in any desired manner to prevent relative circumferential movement with respect thereto.

15() designates a 'filling between the terminals 14C7 The layer ot rubber 145 ex tends `around the sides oi the tensile belts 111:41; to the terminal seatings to render the resilientconstruction water repellant. `The .inner face ot the tensile belt 1414i isprovided with 'a coating `ot rubber 151 which extends to the terminals 141i to form a waterproof union with the annular band 1119. y

designates -a resilient belt which instead ot being formed ot rubber coated yarn is shown as being Mtornfied of layers of fabric 153 and layers of rubber 154i which latter is bonded through the `iabric. The layers of fabric and rubber on the opposite sides ot the major transverse airis are disposed iniiattened arch formation, and inclose a clearance space 155, preferably of elliptical 'Formation and extending transverse y throughout the greater width of the tread Zone with adequate capacity in clearance to provide 'tor the equalization o't stress and strain ot movements for resilient equalization oi thrusts and reactions.

lt will be evident that thc area capacities ot the Fields ot planes ot construction can be increased to any desired extent by increasing the width in transverse section or by increase ot circumferential length vor in both such ways or by using;l a multiplicity oit' units oit such construction for providing` increase oi: capacities.

lt will be further evident from all the emliiodiments shown herein, that the definite ranges ot resilient movements and eoualii nation oit stress and strain in the areas of the lields otplanes7 will hereunderbe el'liectually provided tor by suitably formed proportions a nd disposeilclearance or areal dim posed cellularity in proper proportions or' jor transverse axis and with semi-elliptical clearance spaces 159 and 160 on the inner and outer peripheral parts of the resilient cushion extending across such portions and the vertical axis 156 thereof7 with curva.- tures to the inner and outer peripheral portions thereof'into support with the inner peripheral portions of transverse planes of the tension member 121 towards or in proximity to the verticalvaxis of the curvatures at the sides inwardly and outwardly of the major transverse axis 95. The tensile reinforcement may be of suitable flexible metal or other material and be inextensible circumferentially so that fiuid pressure may be used in the spacement 159 against the inner periphery of the resilient cushion with any desired degree of pressure in such part without developing; resistance to resiliency outwardly of the major transverse axis or fluid pressure may be employed in the clearance spaces 159 and 160 both inwardly and outwardly of the major transverse axis by providing radial passageways 161 between the same.

Such clearance spaces are inclosed and made fluid tight in any preferred manner and this can be readily effected by facing the resilient cushion on its inner and outer peripheries with rubber 162 and 163, and by securing` thereon a fluid tight annular belt of fabric and rubber 164, which may be as a unit member secured to and fluid tight with the annulus 121 or detachable therefrom with a valve 165 secured thereto and passing' therethrough.

The fabric and rubber construction may be dividid on one or both sides at 166 or 167 on the line of the major transverse axis 95 so as to be readily constructed and applied to or removed from the resilient cushion. Furthermore it may be divided on the outer periphery part at 16S so as to be slipped over the resilient cushion. Such construction will make the inner clearance space 159 fluid tight and as this spacement will be immune from puncture or injuries, fluid means can always be maintained in such clearance space in case the outer clearance space shall not contain liuid under pressure and passageways 161 shall not be employed. ln case they shall be used the meeting ends can lap each other, with or without sealing= or even be left free to form a fluid tight seal against the rubber facing 123, see Figure 13, on the inner periphery of the tension belt.

The valve organism as shown provides for connecting the Huid tight spacement on the inner periphery through the inner field of y support to pumping organism, and 169 represents a cofitting lockingpart to engage in a suitable recess or part of the transversely divided annulus 101, as shown 1n Figure 13,

and as otherwise represented in Figures 11 and 15 and others of the drawings.

Such annular resilient cushion and cooperative parts as shown in llilgure 16 are adapted for use in an annular bod)l o1' re silient tension construction. having au an nular tension belt with 'formation as shown in Figure 13, or. if desired. with annular tension belt formation as shown in Figures 141 and 15 with or without slight li1feren es in curvature in the outer peripheral parts to better conform to the eur vature from across the body to the curvatures in the sides in proximity to 94, as shown in Figures 11 and 15, whereby the curvatures in proximity to the vertical axis ill of the eurvatures in the sides and therefrom towards and :uross the vertical axis of the construction can be constantly supported to the lines 14 and to any desired degree inwardly therefrom alon the line of curvature of the tension mem er towards the vertical axis of the construction.

The tread in all the embodiments is adapted to have its road contacting surface provided with relatively incompressible mate rial and in Figures 9, 10, 12 and 111- su h onstruction is illustrated. ln Figure 1; tlal tread 1041 is provided with a flexible metal band 170 having,` lugrs 171 interlockingwith the body portion of the tread 1111- or seat ing` 0r aligning members 172 therein. whereby such metal band is relatively incompressible in Contact with. the road, resiliency being obtained inwardly thereof with delinite ranges of resilient movements ol' ont quarter to three-eighths of an inch in the. annular portions ofthe eonslrnelifm latvv'een the inner and outer inextensible parts. lu Figure. 141ia belt 173 of metal is .shown whirh is flexible and provided with lugs 171 interloclinp; with the. body portion o1l the tread 129. This belt is disposed across the verlical axis 156 to a desired extent laterally towards the lilies 9/1, whereby such portion o1' the tread possesses {rreat resistance to wear and Igreat ca]'meit \j"1or load without iuerfering with the resiliency ol' (he wonstruetion, and also ln'ovidefs for mainiainimi` greater wearing;` capacity in the material lv ing in the vertical axis and maintaining; thi.A contour of tread surface substantially oir stant during` the life of the treadr and thereby greater constau'ry of resilient .fu-lion on both sides of the vertical axis of construe tion.

ln Figures 17 and 16. the curvature; in the sides of the. construction are shown o1` greater depth laterally from lines ill than the distance between the major transwrse axis and the transverse planes of `such curva tures in their greatest depth or in proximity to lines 94. The curvatures o1'Y the tension belt across the body outwardly of the major (lli ` three-sixteenths ol:` an inch relatively to the line; .figures is indicated approximately by lines transverse planes tangent to the arcs of the curvatures at the sides. The curvatures at the sides are shovlin extending inivardly to the inner portion lyinp; tangent to the arcs oit such curvatures with `terminal parts in- `ivardly ot lines 911vin F igure 17 secured betiveenan inextensible annulus 175 and a. transversely divided extensible annulus 176 cooperating` with annular locliingl rings 177 over the lines 911 ivith `flanges disposed outwardly substantially tangent to the arcs of thecurvatures at the sides.

ln Figure 17 the `flanges are disposed out- Wardly While in Figure 18 the correspond` ino' flan es or rines 177 are disnosed inivardly forming clincher rings 186. The tension terminals 178 of the belt 179 curve inwardly about the ends and into seating` on the inner portion `ot such clinci'fier rings Where they are firmly held in compri-seien bywthe transversely divided annulus 190, which provides theA requisite Width ot support and compression oi' the inner portions oitl the terminals against the clincher rings providing` inextensibility. The terminals ot the tension `belt are further secured in position by the resilient belt 181 extending lacross the body into resilient support with the curvatures at the sides ot the tension belt and to or inwardly of lines 94 towards the vertical axisly, andotherivise by the annular support 182 between the terminals and. in compressive and locking" engagement "with the extensible annulus l180.

The resilient belt 181, in Figure 1 8, corresponds substantially to that seen 1n Figure '15 except that the clearance space 183 extends outwardly of lines 911 and the `outer contour is adapted tocontorm to the inner periphery oit the chamber formed by the `tension belt 179 and the annular support 1852.

4Mea-.us are shown in Figure 18 providing tor the insertion, it desireda ot fluid or mobile contentunder any desired degree ot pres-` sure.` The treadmay have the depth thereof increasedas desired as shown by the dotted The Widtlroif the tread in all the 911`ivhich also approximately indicate the vertiealaxis of thecurvatures at the sides.

Thetreadbetiveen lines 94 is substantially of unifornivvidth and depth between such lines` a The resilient belt 184 in Figure 17 conterms to the inner periphery `ot the chamber formed-by the inner periphery o'l the tension belt and the inner seating member 185 on the transverse lines. Utherivise the resilientbelt in Figure 17 corresponds substantially to thats'eenl in Figurel,` the cnrvatures in formation inthe outer part being carried inwardly olf lines 94 to balance up with the curvature in the tension belt and in'ovide delim niterangi'es of resilient movements in such part ot the construction. The curvatures across the lield have an altitude to the plane ol approximately tlinfee-sixteenths ol an inch and provide a range of resilient movement olI approximately Athrecsixteenths ot an inc-h to the plane, and resiliency oi greater range inwardly thereoit under excessive strains. The portion ot the construction inwardly oit the major trans-worse axis provides approxi` mately the same range of resilient movement and a total range ot three-sights ot an inch altitude may be obtained on the vertical axis oit the construction. y V

ln Figure 17 the resilient belt 8/1 cor responds substantially to that seen in Figure 16, except that the curvatures at the sides exceed one hundred and eighty degrees and the curvatures correspond to the .inner periphery otl the `tension beltn In Figure 1G the curvature-s are balanced to the plane while in Figure 17 curvatures on transverse lines are shown. i i ln the embodiment seen in Figures 19 and 20, I have shown lines ot formation which indicate moreclearl r the construction and operation ot my invention. ln Figure 19 the tension belt and the terminals as shown in full lines correspond substantially to that Seen in Figure 17, except that a, preferred lorin olf transversely divided annulus is shown in compressive engagement ivith `an annular band correslrionding to the band 175 seen in VFigure 17. .ln Figure 20 the full lines indicate a construction ol tread, tension belt and terminals, coi.ief-;ponding substantially to that seen in Figure .1t-, in which. a clincher rinnis employed, but the transversely divided annulus 188 in Figures 19 and 2() is provided at each sido with an outwardly extendine' flange 199 and laterally extending flange 199. lhc inner tace of the outwardly extA f ing; Vflange lies substantially on the line ol` the vertical axis 911, and with the flange extending` laterally inthe plane or, it' desired, `With curvature as indicated by dotted line 191 to `any desired extent towards the ina-jor construction of transversely divided annulus the same may be employed with straight side terminals as shown in Figure 19 or with straight side clincher as seen in Fig' ire 20. ln Figure 19 the terminal is rendered inextensibleby the annular band 199J and in Figure El() the terminal. is rendered inexten sible bythe clinclier ring` 1923, it being; understood that the transversely divided annulus 188 is brought into compression ivith the terminal seatinns 1941 and The annular band 192l preferably interlochs with the transversely `divided annulus herein set forth in connection with the other iiggures.`

The transversely7 divided annulus is inv alignment on the 'telly band N6 and interloelis therewith transversely, by means ot a lug; 19'? interlocking with a recess l98 on the inner periphery ot the transversely divided. annulus. rllhe telly band is provided with a flange 199 engaging the transversely divided annulus to prevent lateral movement iu one direction, the lateral movement in the opposite direction being; prevented by a ring or clip 200, having a laterally extending` Hanne 201 adapted to be driven between the telly band and the transversely divided annulns, said ring Q00 being secured in position with respect to the telly 202, by means ot' a itasvtoning device 203. By securing the transversely divided annulus in position in this manner lthe same is expanded to a slight degree and the compression on the terminals is increased. VEhe parts are thus interloelred so as to positively prevent any relative lateral or circumferential movement. The curvatures in the sides ot the construction trom'the vertical lines 94routwardly therefrom, are indicated by the full lines 204, which deiine the inner and outer peripheries ot the curvatures ot the tension belt at the sides. These eurvatures at the sides out- Wardly of the lines 94E exceed one hundred and eighty degrees as shown in full lines, and these curvatures extendl inwardly oit' the major transverse axis and inwardly or the lines 94e towards the vertical axis 156 in close relationship to the transverse plane, and through the terminals 194 and 195 into support with the transversely divided annulns 18S' and the inextensible member or support cooperating; therewith such as the band lili? or the clincher ring` l93 lWith the curva tures as shown in full lines a range ot' resilient movement to the transverse plane is provided representing; a range oit resilient movement approvimating` tlnee-sixteenths to one-quarter ot an inch or more, itt desired, in the construction outwardly ot the major transverse axis. The, lines Q05 and 206 idicate transverse planes tangent to the arcs 20T and 208 respectively, showing;` the dil"- terence in altitude which takes place between the planes tangent lo the arcs. The eurvatures from such ares the body provide the additional ge et resilient movement desired in accordance with the standard set. lt will be evident that the movement in the portion ot the construction tangent to the arcs at the sides may be varied to provide any additional. range ot resilient movements up to the required standards by variation ot the arcs oli the eurvatures at the sides, so that the curvatures across the body may be relatively small and eliminated if desired, so that the tension belt yacross the body may have a curvature between lines 94. providing for a minimum amount of resilient movement or in any balancing ratio to the range oli movement relatively to the transvcr,L )lane between lines 941. The dot-- ted linesr 2d!) indicate tbe curvature ot one hundred and eighty degrees outwardly ot lines Sli; 'with the vertical axis ot the curva ture on such lines Sil, and with the cui-vnf uro across the body aihiproxiinatcly :is shown in :l'ull lines 2l() as indiratingr the lull lines ol the tension belt, as clearly indicated also in Figures lf3. le and l5, except that in Vli`ioure lo the tension belt is disposed in the lields ol'- transverse planes between the lines 9i. The tull lines Sill and 212 indicate clearanvc space in the resilient belt on each side ol the maior transverse axis, as also seen .in linure i8. it being' seen that the clearance sinice is extended laterally to a sli ,eht extent .iejond the lines ill. 'lhe dotted lines 213 and 2id; iinlicate the clearance space terminating approximately on lines 94; whereby an inerea sed eld ot support tor the eurvatures ot the tension belt at the sides is provided, as also clearly indicated in Figure la.

This, clearance space provides tor the equalization of the stresses and strains and definite ranges oit resilient movements in the transversely disposed parts ot the construction and the curvatures in construction at the sides in balancing,` ratios to resilient movements in annular portions of the construction. Vilith the clearance space as indicated by lines 211 to 21st-inclusive, the resilient support at the sides and across the body and at the inner and outer periphery ot the tension belt and 'the rim lield, is universal and uni vers:ill v resilient, as will be clearly understood by reference also to Figures lll, l5 and 1S. ',lhe dotted lines 21.5 and 216 define the annular belt et resilient support extending across the body into resilient support with the curvatures oit the tension belt at the sides and to the inner and outer peripheries thereof to the lines 94 and to the desired extent inwardly thereof towards the vertical axis, the curvatures in the construction bein gf slightly different from those shown in Figure 17, and conforming to the arcs in the enrratures in the sides as already described. The clearance spaces provide tor relative tree movement ot the tension belt between lines Q4.Y and the ields oit planes to the supports at the sides. The construction as deliiied by the dotted lines conforms to that seen in Figures lr6 and li' except as to a slight varia tion in the curvature-s. rThe tension belt between lines 94; provides stable support tmthe construction in annular portions, and 'for the distribution and equalization ot stresses and strains inwardly thereoil and about the annular portions whereby stable support :For the movements inwardly thereof is provided, and the tensile strength in the tension belt between lines 94 is in excess oi load preferably in the ratio of six or ten to one of load. The tread is supported on the outer periph- .Huid content under any desired degree o1 ramona eral field or.' the tension belt Which is transversely disposed in or in close relationship to the transverse lines, and radially projected as shown, so that any desired depth of tread Wear may be obtained as indicated by the full and dotted lines 217 and 218 respec! tively." lhedotted line 219 indicates the contour of a round tread Which indicate the saine as employed, the vertical axis of which is Well Within the circle shown by dotted line 220 representing the dimension of the construction. By such construction 1 am enabled to reinlorcethe saine to any desired' extent Without settingup any counterstrains in the construction, :tor example, the reinforcements may be on or in proximity to the major transverse axis as shown in Figures 1 to 11 inclusive, or as indicated in `Figures 16 and 17 or the reinforcement may be in or in connection With the tension belt as seen in Figures 13 and 15 or the rein'lorcevinents may be in the outerl field of tread as shown in Figures 9, 10, 12 and 14.

rThe tensile strength `oit the tension belt may be increased by metal or other bands 221, as shown in Figure 13, or by Wires or cables 222, as shown in Figure 15, such parts 221 `and 222 being preferably inextensible.

For the purpose of more clearly setting forth the operation of my invention under load, the saine may be considered as consist ing of one or more resilient parts of rela-4 tively Ilovv internal resistance or load capacities per degree oi length and width and transversely disposed between inner and outer annular parts, likewise transversely disposed, the construction of which is such that the inner parts are substantially inextensible circumferentially.

rlhe cushioning part may be provided with pressure, and all of such parts are transversely disposed and lirmly secured in a unit of structure With the rim equipments, the

the planes and forming or having secured thereto a tread Wearing surface oit any desired construction, but y preferably with a radially extending or projected body.

'llhe resilient or cushioning part or parts in a unit ci' structure 'with the cooperating elements provide a constant resilient load ca` pacity and a determined range oi altitude for resiliency. The standards oil.l such load capacities per degree of length and 'width ci the construction may be in the ratios otonotyventieth to one-tWenty-ifth to oneninetieth of any determined load, with altitude `oit radial movement oit resiliency of approximately one-quarter to three-eighths of an inch, Such range of radial movement is equivalent to the difference between the altitude oit the chord and arc lines of tvventy to twenty-.tive degrees in length aniiularlyof the tread surface, or in other Words in the lield of impact in contact with the road, Which is equivalent to a drop substantially onaquarter to tlireeeiglitlis oif an inch between the axis of thrust which is the horizontal `axis of the wheel and the field of impact Which is the road surface.

` rlllhis drop in the Construction of onequarter to threaeighths olf an inch is indicatedin dotted lines on the drawings in Fig ures 1, il, and 11, by reference characters 1 /41 and 3/8. fllie degrees o1' the construction are shown `by radial dotted lines 96 spaced live degrees apart. The movement oiV onequarter of an inch in such construction is indicated by the dotted line 97. rlhe range of relative movement et the parts representing one-quarter of an inch resilient altitude .is indicated by the lines 98 and 99, the normal position of the pai'ts being indicated by full lines. i

The length oit road contact, under aresilient altitude of one-quarter of an inch, is indicated by the arrows 102` and the length of road contact circnmlierentially under a resilient altitude volf tlireeseighths of an inch is indicated by the arrows 103. rllhe altitude of the cui'vati'u'es in transverse section are sub stantially in balancing ratio to the resilient altitude and to the Aliexures in the annular planes.

The :l'lexures in the outer portion olf` the resilient wheel equipment `will be towards the transverse planes et the construction. alongl the planes of road contact, between the lines 9i, which denote tliewidtli ot the tread and otherwise across the width and aniiularly with suitable standardsof resilient internal resistance and tensile support in the construction to suiiiport and balance lead with ranges ci" altitude or resilientl inoifi-anents ci appr-eximately one-quarter to tliree-eighths oi" an inch. lliese iexures will be in balancing ratio to the altitude and will Y, be mainly towards the planes of road conouter part being transversely disposed 1n tact, and these tlexures will extend annularly toward the horizontal axis ot thrust 92 and thereby provide an annular resilient support in approximate ratio to the angularity of the raiflii 9G. rlllhe load and opposing,thrustare resiliently supported and balanced by the coopeiut n artion ot the iiiexteiisible tensile belt or belts and the ishion belt or belts, which provide a constant resilient support about' the rim portieri oft the construction. The inextensible tensile belt or belts support- .ing the tread is thrown in tension by 'the load thrusts on the rim and seating. and as the 'tensile belt or belts provide requisite standards olf tensile' strength with requisite Width transversely to supportithe cushion belt and the load, with lfactors ot .stiftet i, the load is resilientl.'Vy su inorted and b lauced on a large supporting surface and in a large measure by the tensile belt operating iipon the outer and upper port-ion of :Lol

the resilient cushion, whereby excessive tread deflection or variation in altitude is prevented and great resiliency in the construction is provided.

The load on the vertical axis 93 of the wheel may be suspended to any desired degree by insertion of fluid content, under any desired pressure in the transversely disposed clearance space or any suitable elastic, pliable or mobile content can be employed to p-rovideadditional resilient supporting capacity or to vary the capacity or standard of resilient resistant capacities in the annular clearance space therefor, which also provides capacity for definite standard ranges of resilient movements or altitude of resiliency.

The internal resistance of the cushioning portion may be increased by the insertion of fluid content or by theemployment in said cushioning portion of tensile, flexible, or resilient material such as fabric or spring metal, or a combination of such materials may be employed to provide the desired standards of resilient load balance in construction.

In order to avoid confusion, the range of resilient altitude corresponding to threeeighths of an inch has not been indicated in the transverse sectional views of the different embodiments, but has been indicated in Figures l, el, and ll, by the reference character 3/8 which indicates a length of road contact under three-eighths of an inch of resilient altitude as approximating twenty-live degrees in length as shown by the lines 103.

Owing to the flexures of the tread surface toward the 'trans verse planes, such tread surface will be in road contact substantially throughout its width, thus giving a firm grip on the road and thus effectively resisting the Yside thrust and skidding of the resilient wheel equipment. I am also enabled to employ in the tread relatively hard material, since owing to the manner in which the tread is supported and the standard orn resilient altitude which is provided, the enormous counter strains and kneading or' the tread material, such as occur in all other types of resilient wheel equipment is eliminated.

' The tensile belt encircling the resilient cushioning field, serves resiliently to limit the lateral extension of the sides of the cushioning part proportionately trom the portion lying on the vertical radius towards the plane oi the axis of thrust.

Owing to the provision of the tensile belt of a definite standard encircling and enclosing a resilientcushioning belt ot definite standard to provide a constancy of range of resilient altitude, the stresses and strains on the construction are uniformly distributed throughout the annular part so that an absolute balance of the load is provided.

The cushioning part may be located inwardly oit the tensile part, or both inwardly and outwardly thereof and a plurality oi" tensile parts and a plurality olf cushioning parts may be employed as herein set forth.

lt will now be apparent that l' have devised a novel and use'lul construction ol a resilient wheel equipment and method of constructing the same, which embodies the 'features of advantage eninnerated as desirable in the statement of the invention and the above description, and while l have in the present instance, shown and described preferred embodiments thereof which will give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understood that the same are susceptible of modification in various particulars without departing 'trom the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

ilaving thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. A resilient wheel equipment comprising an inner annular support, a tension belt having its outer portion transversely disposed substantially on transverse section lines parallel with the major transverse axis ol the belt, with curvatures at the sides ol approxi- ,mately one hundred and eighty degna-rs, and

with seating `parts secured to said support, a resilient belt within said tension belt. and extending into resilient support with the curvatures at the sides, and a tread encircling said tension. belt.

2. A resilient wheel equipment comprising` an inner annular support, a tension belt having its outer portion transversely disposed substantially on transverse section lines parallel with the major transverse axis of the belt, with curvatures at the sides ol approximately one hundred and eighty degrees, and with seating parts secured to said support, a resilient belt within said tension belt and extending into resilient support with the curvatures at the sides, and a tread encircling said tension belt, and having its width approximately the same as the distance between the vertical axes ot said curvatures.

3. A resilient wheel equipment comprising an inner annular support, a tension belt having its outer portion transversely disposed substantially on transverse section lines parallel with the maior transverse axis olf the belt, with curvatures at the sides oi" approximately one hundred and eighty degrees, and with seating parts secured to said support. :1 resilient belt within said tension belt and extending into resilient support with the curvatures at the sides and having a vclearing siace approximately equalling in width the distance between the vertical axes of said curvatures, and a tread encircling said ten- Sion. belt.

4L. A resilient Wheel equipment comprising curvatnres, a resilient belt Within said tenl0 an inner annular suppoi t, a tension belt havsion belt and extending; into resilient support in@` its outer portion transversely disposed with the curvatures at the sides, and a tread substantially on transverse section lines par` encircling said tension belt. o allel with the major transverse exis of the JQSEPH S VVILLAMS belt, with curvatures it the sides of approxi- 7 mately one hundred and eighty degrees, and Witnesses: with seating parts secured to seid support, H. S. FAIRBANKS, at points Within the vertical axes o' said F. Gr. VALTERS. 

